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"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Adderall
- Is a prescription drug that contains a blend of amphetamines.
- Can cause serious or even life-threatening side effects.
- Will cause a positive result on a routine military drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Adderall.
Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
- Is a type of vinegar made from the fermented juice of apples that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and acids.
- Is marketed to curb appetite and help weight loss, support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol, aid digestive health, and boost the immune system.
- Has very little scientific evidence to support its safety and effectiveness, especially as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the OPSS article about apple cider vinegar.
Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Ashwagandha
- Is an ancient ingredient used in dietary supplement products for many different purposes.
- Can induce abortion, so pregnant women should not take it!
- Otherwise has few and minor side effects, mostly gastrointestinal.
- Needs more research to determine its safety and effectiveness.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ashwagandha.
Bodybuilding and performance-enhancement supplements
- Vary widely in the kinds of ingredients they contain. Some are relatively safe, but others are not.
- Sometimes contain hidden ingredients such as prescription drugs or steroids that pose serious health risks and could affect a drug test.
- Like any other supplement, should not be used without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Read the OPSS article about bodybuilding and performance enhancement to learn more.
Cleanse and detox dietary supplement products
- Are marketed to help the body eliminate environmental and dietary toxins.
- Sometimes have a laxative effect, which can affect performance.
- Have combinations of ingredients with insufficient evidence of safety or effectiveness.
- Are unnecessary for most people, as the body rids itself of toxins naturally through urine, feces, and sweat.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about cleansing and detoxification.
Coconut oil
- Is sometimes used in cooking, with many claims that it helps with a broad range of health benefits.
- Can be found in or as a dietary supplement product touted for the same health benefits.
- Can come in any of the forms typical for dietary supplements, often combined with other ingredients.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the HPRC article about coconut oil.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
Dietary supplements, by U.S. law
- Are products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient.
- Include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals, and other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
- Come in forms that include tablets, capsules, powders, energy bars, and liquids.
- Must have the words “dietary supplement” (or similar words) on the product label.
- Are regulated by FDA but do not undergo pre-market FDA testing or approval.
Read the OPSS article about the definition of a dietary supplement to learn more.
Energy drinks
- Usually contain caffeine, but sometimes have other stimulant ingredients.
- Should not be used as sports drinks and should not be mixed with alcohol.
- Should be avoided at least 6 hours before bedtime.
To read more about the use and misuse of energy drinks, read the OPSS article on energy drinks.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
Essential oils
- Are highly concentrated plant extracts marketed for a variety of health benefits.
- Typically are applied to the skin or inhaled but are now being marketed for oral use.
- Are not always safe to consume, especially if undiluted.
- Could be toxic depending on the type and concentration.
For more information, read the OPSS article about essential oils.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Ketone supplements
- Are marketed to raise ketone levels in the blood and enhance mental and physical performance, energy, and weight loss.
- Are dietary supplement products that usually contain BHB (a ketone made in a laboratory), medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and other ingredients.
- Have limited scientific evidence to support their safety or effectiveness.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ketone supplements.
Kombucha
- Is usually a drink, traditionally made with tea leaves, sugar, and culture of bacteria and yeast.
- Is marketed to boost immunity, increase energy, improve gastrointestinal (GI) function, prevent cancer, improve joint health, lower blood pressure/cholesterol, improve liver function, and have antioxidant effects.
- As a dietary supplement, sometimes contains only ingredients typically found in the drink, such as B vitamins, probiotics, and green or black tea.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about kombucha.
Kratom
- Is currently not approved for use in dietary supplements or as a prescription or over-the-counter drug.
- Is under investigation by FDA to establish its legal status, possibly as an opioid.
- Has been associated with serious side effects, including addiction, seizures, liver damage, and death.
- Can be addictive.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
Read the OPSS article on kratom , which includes links to FDA warnings and articles.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Mushrooms
- As a food, are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and amino acids.
- Are marketed as ingredients in dietary supplement products touting numerous health benefits.
- There isn’t enough scientific evidence to support their safety or use for any specific purpose, except as a food.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members unless they contain psilocybin or any other substance with mind-altering properties.
For more information, read the OPSS article about mushrooms.
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Side effects of dietary supplements
- Also known as “adverse events,” are unwanted reactions associated with dietary supplement use.
- Can range from mild to severe, so discontinue your dietary supplement and see a healthcare provider if the effects continue or are serious.
- Should be reported because it helps FDA track down potentially dangerous supplements.
Visit the OPSS web page about reporting side effects to learn more about adverse events and how to report them.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.
Testosterone boosters
- Are dietary supplements marketed to enhance performance by raising your testosterone level.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous or prohibited ingredients, controlled substances, or drugs.
- Sometimes contain ingredients not listed on the label that could affect a drug test.
Read the OPSS article about testosterone boosters for more information.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS articles about weight-loss supplements and prescription weight-loss medications to learn more.

"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
Kratom
- Is currently not approved for use in dietary supplements or as a prescription or over-the-counter drug.
- Is under investigation by FDA to establish its legal status, possibly as an opioid.
- Has been associated with serious side effects, including addiction, seizures, liver damage, and death.
- Can be addictive.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
Read the OPSS article on kratom , which includes links to FDA warnings and articles.
Energy drinks
- Usually contain caffeine, but sometimes have other stimulant ingredients.
- Should not be used as sports drinks and should not be mixed with alcohol.
- Should be avoided at least 6 hours before bedtime.
To read more about the use and misuse of energy drinks, read the OPSS article on energy drinks.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Ashwagandha
- Is an ancient ingredient used in dietary supplement products for many different purposes.
- Can induce abortion, so pregnant women should not take it!
- Otherwise has few and minor side effects, mostly gastrointestinal.
- Needs more research to determine its safety and effectiveness.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ashwagandha.
Side effects of dietary supplements
- Also known as “adverse events,” are unwanted reactions associated with dietary supplement use.
- Can range from mild to severe, so discontinue your dietary supplement and see a healthcare provider if the effects continue or are serious.
- Should be reported because it helps FDA track down potentially dangerous supplements.
Visit the OPSS web page about reporting side effects to learn more about adverse events and how to report them.
Adderall
- Is a prescription drug that contains a blend of amphetamines.
- Can cause serious or even life-threatening side effects.
- Will cause a positive result on a routine military drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Adderall.
Cleanse and detox dietary supplement products
- Are marketed to help the body eliminate environmental and dietary toxins.
- Sometimes have a laxative effect, which can affect performance.
- Have combinations of ingredients with insufficient evidence of safety or effectiveness.
- Are unnecessary for most people, as the body rids itself of toxins naturally through urine, feces, and sweat.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about cleansing and detoxification.
Kombucha
- Is usually a drink, traditionally made with tea leaves, sugar, and culture of bacteria and yeast.
- Is marketed to boost immunity, increase energy, improve gastrointestinal (GI) function, prevent cancer, improve joint health, lower blood pressure/cholesterol, improve liver function, and have antioxidant effects.
- As a dietary supplement, sometimes contains only ingredients typically found in the drink, such as B vitamins, probiotics, and green or black tea.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about kombucha.
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS articles about weight-loss supplements and prescription weight-loss medications to learn more.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
Ketone supplements
- Are marketed to raise ketone levels in the blood and enhance mental and physical performance, energy, and weight loss.
- Are dietary supplement products that usually contain BHB (a ketone made in a laboratory), medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and other ingredients.
- Have limited scientific evidence to support their safety or effectiveness.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ketone supplements.
Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
- Is a type of vinegar made from the fermented juice of apples that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and acids.
- Is marketed to curb appetite and help weight loss, support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol, aid digestive health, and boost the immune system.
- Has very little scientific evidence to support its safety and effectiveness, especially as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the OPSS article about apple cider vinegar.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
Dietary supplements, by U.S. law
- Are products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient.
- Include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals, and other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
- Come in forms that include tablets, capsules, powders, energy bars, and liquids.
- Must have the words “dietary supplement” (or similar words) on the product label.
- Are regulated by FDA but do not undergo pre-market FDA testing or approval.
Read the OPSS article about the definition of a dietary supplement to learn more.
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Mushrooms
- As a food, are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and amino acids.
- Are marketed as ingredients in dietary supplement products touting numerous health benefits.
- There isn’t enough scientific evidence to support their safety or use for any specific purpose, except as a food.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members unless they contain psilocybin or any other substance with mind-altering properties.
For more information, read the OPSS article about mushrooms.
Bodybuilding and performance-enhancement supplements
- Vary widely in the kinds of ingredients they contain. Some are relatively safe, but others are not.
- Sometimes contain hidden ingredients such as prescription drugs or steroids that pose serious health risks and could affect a drug test.
- Like any other supplement, should not be used without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Read the OPSS article about bodybuilding and performance enhancement to learn more.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
Testosterone boosters
- Are dietary supplements marketed to enhance performance by raising your testosterone level.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous or prohibited ingredients, controlled substances, or drugs.
- Sometimes contain ingredients not listed on the label that could affect a drug test.
Read the OPSS article about testosterone boosters for more information.
Coconut oil
- Is sometimes used in cooking, with many claims that it helps with a broad range of health benefits.
- Can be found in or as a dietary supplement product touted for the same health benefits.
- Can come in any of the forms typical for dietary supplements, often combined with other ingredients.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the HPRC article about coconut oil.
Essential oils
- Are highly concentrated plant extracts marketed for a variety of health benefits.
- Typically are applied to the skin or inhaled but are now being marketed for oral use.
- Are not always safe to consume, especially if undiluted.
- Could be toxic depending on the type and concentration.
For more information, read the OPSS article about essential oils.

"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients

"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS articles about weight-loss supplements and prescription weight-loss medications to learn more.

Adderall
- Is a prescription drug that contains a blend of amphetamines.
- Can cause serious or even life-threatening side effects.
- Will cause a positive result on a routine military drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Adderall.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS articles about weight-loss supplements and prescription weight-loss medications to learn more.

Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
- Is a type of vinegar made from the fermented juice of apples that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and acids.
- Is marketed to curb appetite and help weight loss, support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol, aid digestive health, and boost the immune system.
- Has very little scientific evidence to support its safety and effectiveness, especially as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the OPSS article about apple cider vinegar.
Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Ashwagandha
- Is an ancient ingredient used in dietary supplement products for many different purposes.
- Can induce abortion, so pregnant women should not take it!
- Otherwise has few and minor side effects, mostly gastrointestinal.
- Needs more research to determine its safety and effectiveness.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ashwagandha.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Kratom
- Is currently not approved for use in dietary supplements or as a prescription or over-the-counter drug.
- Is under investigation by FDA to establish its legal status, possibly as an opioid.
- Has been associated with serious side effects, including addiction, seizures, liver damage, and death.
- Can be addictive.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
Read the OPSS article on kratom , which includes links to FDA warnings and articles.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Mushrooms
- As a food, are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and amino acids.
- Are marketed as ingredients in dietary supplement products touting numerous health benefits.
- There isn’t enough scientific evidence to support their safety or use for any specific purpose, except as a food.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members unless they contain psilocybin or any other substance with mind-altering properties.
For more information, read the OPSS article about mushrooms.
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.

Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Bodybuilding and performance-enhancement supplements
- Vary widely in the kinds of ingredients they contain. Some are relatively safe, but others are not.
- Sometimes contain hidden ingredients such as prescription drugs or steroids that pose serious health risks and could affect a drug test.
- Like any other supplement, should not be used without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Read the OPSS article about bodybuilding and performance enhancement to learn more.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Testosterone boosters
- Are dietary supplements marketed to enhance performance by raising your testosterone level.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous or prohibited ingredients, controlled substances, or drugs.
- Sometimes contain ingredients not listed on the label that could affect a drug test.
Read the OPSS article about testosterone boosters for more information.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.

Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS articles about weight-loss supplements and prescription weight-loss medications to learn more.

Dietary supplements, by U.S. law
- Are products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient.
- Include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals, and other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
- Come in forms that include tablets, capsules, powders, energy bars, and liquids.
- Must have the words “dietary supplement” (or similar words) on the product label.
- Are regulated by FDA but do not undergo pre-market FDA testing or approval.
Read the OPSS article about the definition of a dietary supplement to learn more.
Energy drinks
- Usually contain caffeine, but sometimes have other stimulant ingredients.
- Should not be used as sports drinks and should not be mixed with alcohol.
- Should be avoided at least 6 hours before bedtime.
To read more about the use and misuse of energy drinks, read the OPSS article on energy drinks.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Side effects of dietary supplements
- Also known as “adverse events,” are unwanted reactions associated with dietary supplement use.
- Can range from mild to severe, so discontinue your dietary supplement and see a healthcare provider if the effects continue or are serious.
- Should be reported because it helps FDA track down potentially dangerous supplements.
Visit the OPSS web page about reporting side effects to learn more about adverse events and how to report them.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.

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Report Side Effects

About Supplements

High-Risk List

Name Brands

Check Your Supplement

About Ingredients

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All

Weight Loss

Performance & Bodybuilding

Ingredients

General Health

Outreach & Educational Resources

Apps

Government Resources

Our Partners

HPRC

OPSS Mission

Why Trust OPSS?

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