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"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Adderall
- Is a prescription drug that contains a blend of amphetamines.
- Can cause serious or even life-threatening side effects.
- Will cause a positive result on a routine military drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Adderall.
Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
- Is a type of vinegar made from the fermented juice of apples that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and acids.
- Is marketed to curb appetite and help weight loss, support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol, aid digestive health, and boost the immune system.
- Has very little scientific evidence to support its safety and effectiveness, especially as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the OPSS article about apple cider vinegar.
Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Ashwagandha
- Is an ancient ingredient used in dietary supplement products for many different purposes.
- Can induce abortion, so pregnant women should not take it!
- Otherwise has few and minor side effects, mostly gastrointestinal.
- Needs more research to determine its safety and effectiveness.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ashwagandha.
Bacopa monnieri
- Is a well-known herb commonly used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Safety is relatively unknown for both short- and long-term use.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Bacopa monnieri.
Bodybuilding and performance-enhancement supplements
- Vary widely in the kinds of ingredients they contain. Some are relatively safe, but others are not.
- Sometimes contain hidden ingredients such as prescription drugs or steroids that pose serious health risks and could affect a drug test.
- Like any other supplement, should not be used without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Read the OPSS article about bodybuilding and performance enhancement to learn more.
CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)
- In dietary supplements is often produced from the linoleic acid in safflower or sunflower oils.
- Is promoted for fat and weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- In supplements appears to be well tolerated, but gastrointestinal side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about CLA.
Capsaicin
- Is a substance found in chili peppers that gives them their spiciness.
- Is commonly listed as “cayenne pepper” or “capsicum” on dietary supplement labels.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- In large amounts, might cause gastrointestinal issues for some people.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about capsaicin.
Cleanse and detox dietary supplement products
- Are marketed to help the body eliminate environmental and dietary toxins.
- Sometimes have a laxative effect, which can affect performance.
- Have combinations of ingredients with insufficient evidence of safety or effectiveness.
- Are unnecessary for most people, as the body rids itself of toxins naturally through urine, feces, and sweat.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about cleansing and detoxification.
Coconut oil
- Is sometimes used in cooking, with many claims that it helps with a broad range of health benefits.
- Can be found in or as a dietary supplement product touted for the same health benefits.
- Can come in any of the forms typical for dietary supplements, often combined with other ingredients.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the HPRC article about coconut oil.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
- Might register on an initial military urine screening test for amphetamines, but will not cause a positive result on confirmation drug tests.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
Dietary supplements, by U.S. law
- Are products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient.
- Include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals, and other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
- Come in forms that include tablets, capsules, powders, energy bars, and liquids.
- Must have the words “dietary supplement” (or similar words) on the product label.
- Are regulated by FDA but do not undergo pre-market FDA testing or approval.
Read the OPSS article about the definition of a dietary supplement to learn more.
Elderberry
- Is the berry of the black elder tree and contains antioxidants.
- Is usually included in dietary supplements as an extract or juice.
- Is promoted for immune support, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Could be toxic if not properly prepared.
For more information, read the OPSS article about elderberry.
Energy drinks
- Usually contain caffeine, but sometimes have other stimulant ingredients.
- Should not be used as sports drinks and should not be mixed with alcohol.
- Should be avoided at least 6 hours before bedtime.
To read more about the use and misuse of energy drinks, read the OPSS article on energy drinks.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
Essential oils
- Are highly concentrated plant extracts marketed for a variety of health benefits.
- Typically are applied to the skin or inhaled but are now being marketed for oral use.
- Are not always safe to consume, especially if undiluted.
- Could be toxic depending on the type and concentration.
For more information, read the OPSS article about essential oils.
Garcinia cambogia
- Is a tree native to Southeast Asia and Africa that produces a small pumpkin-like fruit.
- Rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which might impact appetite.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Reports indicate some concern of liver damage.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Garcinia cambogia.
Ginkgo biloba
- Extract from its leaves is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support such claims.
- Appears to be safe for most people, but unexplained bleeding after use has been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Ginkgo biloba.
Ginseng
- Is a plant; its root is widely used in dietary supplements, teas, and energy drinks.
- Many types of ginseng exist, but the most popular are Panax ginseng (Korean) and Panax quinqefolius (American).
- These two types might help healthy adults boost brain health when used in small amounts, short term.
- When used long-term, could be unsafe.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ginseng.
Green coffee bean
- Extract is often used as in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Appears to be well tolerated in small amounts, short-term, but its long-term safety is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about green coffee bean.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
Huperzine A
- Is marketed in the U.S. as a dietary suppelement, commonly listed as “Huperzia serrata extract,” “HupA,” or “Chinese club moss.”
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there is no evidence to support the claims.
- Lacks evidence of safety, especially when used long-term, and side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about huperzine A.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Ketone supplements
- Are marketed to raise ketone levels in the blood and enhance mental and physical performance, energy, and weight loss.
- Are dietary supplement products that usually contain BHB (a ketone made in a laboratory), medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and other ingredients.
- Have limited scientific evidence to support their safety or effectiveness.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ketone supplements.
Kombucha
- Is usually a drink, traditionally made with tea leaves, sugar, and culture of bacteria and yeast.
- Is marketed to boost immunity, increase energy, improve gastrointestinal (GI) function, prevent cancer, improve joint health, lower blood pressure/cholesterol, improve liver function, and have antioxidant effects.
- As a dietary supplement, sometimes contains only ingredients typically found in the drink, such as B vitamins, probiotics, and green or black tea.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about kombucha.
Kratom
- Is currently not approved for use in dietary supplements or as a prescription or over-the-counter drug.
- Is under investigation by FDA to establish its legal status, possibly as an opioid.
- Has been associated with serious side effects, including addiction, seizures, liver damage, and death.
- Can be addictive.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
Read the OPSS article on kratom , which includes links to FDA warnings and articles.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Mushrooms
- As a food, are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and amino acids.
- Are marketed as ingredients in dietary supplement products touting numerous health benefits.
- There isn’t enough scientific evidence to support their safety or use for any specific purpose, except as a food.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members unless they contain psilocybin or any other substance with mind-altering properties.
For more information, read the OPSS article about mushrooms.
Nootropics
- Are substances intended to improve mental performance.
- Products fall into two general categories: dietary supplements and drugs.
- Dietary supplements have been found to be tainted with drugs or other ingredients not approved by FDA.
- As dietary supplements are often marketed with questionable claims not supported by science.
- Could contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about nootropics.
Omega-3 fatty acids
- Help build brain cells and maintain brain function throughout your life.
- EPA and DHA can’t be made by the body and must be obtained from foods.
- Are marketed as dietary supplements, but it’s unclear if they can boost brain health or cognitive performance.
- When taken as a dietary supplement might cause minor side effects.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about omega-3 fatty acids.
Phenibut
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for sleep, stress reduction, and cognitive performance.
- Is a synthetic substance that does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient according to FDA.
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about phenibut.
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Rhodiola rosea
- Is a plant that has been used for centuries to enhance physical and mental performance and fight stress.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Appears to be safe, but the safety of its long-term use is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Rhodiola rosea.
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Side effects of dietary supplements
- Also known as “adverse events,” are unwanted reactions associated with dietary supplement use.
- Can range from mild to severe, so discontinue your dietary supplement and see a healthcare provider if the effects continue or are serious.
- Should be reported because it helps FDA track down potentially dangerous supplements.
Visit the OPSS web page about reporting side effects to learn more about adverse events and how to report them.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.
Testosterone boosters
- Are dietary supplements marketed to enhance performance by raising your testosterone level.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous or prohibited ingredients, controlled substances, or drugs.
- Sometimes contain ingredients not listed on the label that could affect a drug test.
Read the OPSS article about testosterone boosters for more information.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.
Vinpocetine
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for brain health.
- Is a synthetic substance that, according to the FDA, does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient.
- Is a drug in some countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- According to FDA, poses risks for women of childbearing age due to possible adverse reproductive effects.
For more information, read the OPSS article about vinpocetine.
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS article about weight-loss supplements to learn more.
Yohimbe (yohimbine)
- Bark and bark extract is often used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss and bodybuilding, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- Poses a risk for serious side effects.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about yohimbe.

"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Huperzine A
- Is marketed in the U.S. as a dietary suppelement, commonly listed as “Huperzia serrata extract,” “HupA,” or “Chinese club moss.”
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there is no evidence to support the claims.
- Lacks evidence of safety, especially when used long-term, and side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about huperzine A.
Ashwagandha
- Is an ancient ingredient used in dietary supplement products for many different purposes.
- Can induce abortion, so pregnant women should not take it!
- Otherwise has few and minor side effects, mostly gastrointestinal.
- Needs more research to determine its safety and effectiveness.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ashwagandha.
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
Kratom
- Is currently not approved for use in dietary supplements or as a prescription or over-the-counter drug.
- Is under investigation by FDA to establish its legal status, possibly as an opioid.
- Has been associated with serious side effects, including addiction, seizures, liver damage, and death.
- Can be addictive.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
Read the OPSS article on kratom , which includes links to FDA warnings and articles.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Energy drinks
- Usually contain caffeine, but sometimes have other stimulant ingredients.
- Should not be used as sports drinks and should not be mixed with alcohol.
- Should be avoided at least 6 hours before bedtime.
To read more about the use and misuse of energy drinks, read the OPSS article on energy drinks.
Cleanse and detox dietary supplement products
- Are marketed to help the body eliminate environmental and dietary toxins.
- Sometimes have a laxative effect, which can affect performance.
- Have combinations of ingredients with insufficient evidence of safety or effectiveness.
- Are unnecessary for most people, as the body rids itself of toxins naturally through urine, feces, and sweat.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about cleansing and detoxification.
Kombucha
- Is usually a drink, traditionally made with tea leaves, sugar, and culture of bacteria and yeast.
- Is marketed to boost immunity, increase energy, improve gastrointestinal (GI) function, prevent cancer, improve joint health, lower blood pressure/cholesterol, improve liver function, and have antioxidant effects.
- As a dietary supplement, sometimes contains only ingredients typically found in the drink, such as B vitamins, probiotics, and green or black tea.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, please read the HPRC article about kombucha.
Side effects of dietary supplements
- Also known as “adverse events,” are unwanted reactions associated with dietary supplement use.
- Can range from mild to severe, so discontinue your dietary supplement and see a healthcare provider if the effects continue or are serious.
- Should be reported because it helps FDA track down potentially dangerous supplements.
Visit the OPSS web page about reporting side effects to learn more about adverse events and how to report them.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
- Might register on an initial military urine screening test for amphetamines, but will not cause a positive result on confirmation drug tests.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)
- In dietary supplements is often produced from the linoleic acid in safflower or sunflower oils.
- Is promoted for fat and weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- In supplements appears to be well tolerated, but gastrointestinal side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about CLA.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
Adderall
- Is a prescription drug that contains a blend of amphetamines.
- Can cause serious or even life-threatening side effects.
- Will cause a positive result on a routine military drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Adderall.
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
- Is a type of vinegar made from the fermented juice of apples that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and acids.
- Is marketed to curb appetite and help weight loss, support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol, aid digestive health, and boost the immune system.
- Has very little scientific evidence to support its safety and effectiveness, especially as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the OPSS article about apple cider vinegar.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS article about weight-loss supplements to learn more.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.
Mushrooms
- As a food, are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and amino acids.
- Are marketed as ingredients in dietary supplement products touting numerous health benefits.
- There isn’t enough scientific evidence to support their safety or use for any specific purpose, except as a food.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members unless they contain psilocybin or any other substance with mind-altering properties.
For more information, read the OPSS article about mushrooms.
Ketone supplements
- Are marketed to raise ketone levels in the blood and enhance mental and physical performance, energy, and weight loss.
- Are dietary supplement products that usually contain BHB (a ketone made in a laboratory), medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and other ingredients.
- Have limited scientific evidence to support their safety or effectiveness.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ketone supplements.
Yohimbe (yohimbine)
- Bark and bark extract is often used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss and bodybuilding, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- Poses a risk for serious side effects.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about yohimbe.
Nootropics
- Are substances intended to improve mental performance.
- Products fall into two general categories: dietary supplements and drugs.
- Dietary supplements have been found to be tainted with drugs or other ingredients not approved by FDA.
- As dietary supplements are often marketed with questionable claims not supported by science.
- Could contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about nootropics.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
Dietary supplements, by U.S. law
- Are products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient.
- Include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals, and other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
- Come in forms that include tablets, capsules, powders, energy bars, and liquids.
- Must have the words “dietary supplement” (or similar words) on the product label.
- Are regulated by FDA but do not undergo pre-market FDA testing or approval.
Read the OPSS article about the definition of a dietary supplement to learn more.
Rhodiola rosea
- Is a plant that has been used for centuries to enhance physical and mental performance and fight stress.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Appears to be safe, but the safety of its long-term use is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Rhodiola rosea.
Bacopa monnieri
- Is a well-known herb commonly used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Safety is relatively unknown for both short- and long-term use.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Bacopa monnieri.
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Omega-3 fatty acids
- Help build brain cells and maintain brain function throughout your life.
- EPA and DHA can’t be made by the body and must be obtained from foods.
- Are marketed as dietary supplements, but it’s unclear if they can boost brain health or cognitive performance.
- When taken as a dietary supplement might cause minor side effects.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about omega-3 fatty acids.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Capsaicin
- Is a substance found in chili peppers that gives them their spiciness.
- Is commonly listed as “cayenne pepper” or “capsicum” on dietary supplement labels.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- In large amounts, might cause gastrointestinal issues for some people.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about capsaicin.
Bodybuilding and performance-enhancement supplements
- Vary widely in the kinds of ingredients they contain. Some are relatively safe, but others are not.
- Sometimes contain hidden ingredients such as prescription drugs or steroids that pose serious health risks and could affect a drug test.
- Like any other supplement, should not be used without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Read the OPSS article about bodybuilding and performance enhancement to learn more.
Coconut oil
- Is sometimes used in cooking, with many claims that it helps with a broad range of health benefits.
- Can be found in or as a dietary supplement product touted for the same health benefits.
- Can come in any of the forms typical for dietary supplements, often combined with other ingredients.
- Has no reliable scientific information regarding its use as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the HPRC article about coconut oil.
Ginseng
- Is a plant; its root is widely used in dietary supplements, teas, and energy drinks.
- Many types of ginseng exist, but the most popular are Panax ginseng (Korean) and Panax quinqefolius (American).
- These two types might help healthy adults boost brain health when used in small amounts, short term.
- When used long-term, could be unsafe.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ginseng.
Essential oils
- Are highly concentrated plant extracts marketed for a variety of health benefits.
- Typically are applied to the skin or inhaled but are now being marketed for oral use.
- Are not always safe to consume, especially if undiluted.
- Could be toxic depending on the type and concentration.
For more information, read the OPSS article about essential oils.
Testosterone boosters
- Are dietary supplements marketed to enhance performance by raising your testosterone level.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous or prohibited ingredients, controlled substances, or drugs.
- Sometimes contain ingredients not listed on the label that could affect a drug test.
Read the OPSS article about testosterone boosters for more information.
Ginkgo biloba
- Extract from its leaves is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support such claims.
- Appears to be safe for most people, but unexplained bleeding after use has been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Ginkgo biloba.
Phenibut
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for sleep, stress reduction, and cognitive performance.
- Is a synthetic substance that does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient according to FDA.
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about phenibut.
Garcinia cambogia
- Is a tree native to Southeast Asia and Africa that produces a small pumpkin-like fruit.
- Rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which might impact appetite.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Reports indicate some concern of liver damage.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Garcinia cambogia.
Vinpocetine
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for brain health.
- Is a synthetic substance that, according to the FDA, does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient.
- Is a drug in some countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- According to FDA, poses risks for women of childbearing age due to possible adverse reproductive effects.
For more information, read the OPSS article about vinpocetine.
Elderberry
- Is the berry of the black elder tree and contains antioxidants.
- Is usually included in dietary supplements as an extract or juice.
- Is promoted for immune support, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Could be toxic if not properly prepared.
For more information, read the OPSS article about elderberry.
Green coffee bean
- Extract is often used as in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Appears to be well tolerated in small amounts, short-term, but its long-term safety is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about green coffee bean.

"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Yohimbe (yohimbine)
- Bark and bark extract is often used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss and bodybuilding, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- Poses a risk for serious side effects.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about yohimbe.

"Banned" dietary supplements
- DoD doesn’t have a list of either “banned” or approved dietary supplements.
- OPSS has a list of “ingredients” found in products labeled as dietary supplements that FDA or DoD have prohibited for use.
- Also prohibited for use, but not included on the OPSS list, are:
  - anything on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List of Controlled Substances (spice, marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids, amphetamines, mood-altering substances, anabolic steroids).
  - prescription drugs for which you do not have a current prescription written specifically for you.
  - prescription weight-loss medications prohibited by military branch policy.
- No list of prohibited name-brand supplements exists, so read the Supplement Facts panel on a product to see if it lists any prohibited substances.
  
  Visit the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited ingredients
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS article about weight-loss supplements to learn more.

Adderall
- Is a prescription drug that contains a blend of amphetamines.
- Can cause serious or even life-threatening side effects.
- Will cause a positive result on a routine military drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Adderall.
CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)
- In dietary supplements is often produced from the linoleic acid in safflower or sunflower oils.
- Is promoted for fat and weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- In supplements appears to be well tolerated, but gastrointestinal side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about CLA.
Capsaicin
- Is a substance found in chili peppers that gives them their spiciness.
- Is commonly listed as “cayenne pepper” or “capsicum” on dietary supplement labels.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- In large amounts, might cause gastrointestinal issues for some people.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about capsaicin.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
Garcinia cambogia
- Is a tree native to Southeast Asia and Africa that produces a small pumpkin-like fruit.
- Rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which might impact appetite.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Reports indicate some concern of liver damage.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Garcinia cambogia.
Green coffee bean
- Extract is often used as in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Appears to be well tolerated in small amounts, short-term, but its long-term safety is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about green coffee bean.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS article about weight-loss supplements to learn more.
Yohimbe (yohimbine)
- Bark and bark extract is often used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss and bodybuilding, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- Poses a risk for serious side effects.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about yohimbe.

Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar (ACV)
- Is a type of vinegar made from the fermented juice of apples that contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and acids.
- Is marketed to curb appetite and help weight loss, support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol, aid digestive health, and boost the immune system.
- Has very little scientific evidence to support its safety and effectiveness, especially as a dietary supplement.
For more information, read the OPSS article about apple cider vinegar.
Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Ashwagandha
- Is an ancient ingredient used in dietary supplement products for many different purposes.
- Can induce abortion, so pregnant women should not take it!
- Otherwise has few and minor side effects, mostly gastrointestinal.
- Needs more research to determine its safety and effectiveness.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ashwagandha.
Bacopa monnieri
- Is a well-known herb commonly used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Safety is relatively unknown for both short- and long-term use.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Bacopa monnieri.
CLA (conjugated linoleic acid)
- In dietary supplements is often produced from the linoleic acid in safflower or sunflower oils.
- Is promoted for fat and weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- In supplements appears to be well tolerated, but gastrointestinal side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about CLA.
Capsaicin
- Is a substance found in chili peppers that gives them their spiciness.
- Is commonly listed as “cayenne pepper” or “capsicum” on dietary supplement labels.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- In large amounts, might cause gastrointestinal issues for some people.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about capsaicin.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
- Might register on an initial military urine screening test for amphetamines, but will not cause a positive result on confirmation drug tests.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
Elderberry
- Is the berry of the black elder tree and contains antioxidants.
- Is usually included in dietary supplements as an extract or juice.
- Is promoted for immune support, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Could be toxic if not properly prepared.
For more information, read the OPSS article about elderberry.
Ephedra
- Is an unsafe stimulant not approved for use in dietary supplements.
- Poses a risk of serious adverse events (heart attack, stroke, and death).
- Despite being illegal, is still found in dietary supplements, usually ones for weight loss.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
If you would like more information, please read the OPSS article about ephedra.
Garcinia cambogia
- Is a tree native to Southeast Asia and Africa that produces a small pumpkin-like fruit.
- Rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which might impact appetite.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Reports indicate some concern of liver damage.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Garcinia cambogia.
Ginkgo biloba
- Extract from its leaves is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support such claims.
- Appears to be safe for most people, but unexplained bleeding after use has been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Ginkgo biloba.
Ginseng
- Is a plant; its root is widely used in dietary supplements, teas, and energy drinks.
- Many types of ginseng exist, but the most popular are Panax ginseng (Korean) and Panax quinqefolius (American).
- These two types might help healthy adults boost brain health when used in small amounts, short term.
- When used long-term, could be unsafe.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ginseng.
Green coffee bean
- Extract is often used as in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss, but there isn’t enough evidence to support this claim.
- Appears to be well tolerated in small amounts, short-term, but its long-term safety is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about green coffee bean.
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- Is a hormone that women produce naturally during pregnancy.
- Is produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, please read the OPSS article about HCG.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
Huperzine A
- Is marketed in the U.S. as a dietary suppelement, commonly listed as “Huperzia serrata extract,” “HupA,” or “Chinese club moss.”
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there is no evidence to support the claims.
- Lacks evidence of safety, especially when used long-term, and side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about huperzine A.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Kratom
- Is currently not approved for use in dietary supplements or as a prescription or over-the-counter drug.
- Is under investigation by FDA to establish its legal status, possibly as an opioid.
- Has been associated with serious side effects, including addiction, seizures, liver damage, and death.
- Can be addictive.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
Read the OPSS article on kratom , which includes links to FDA warnings and articles.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Mushrooms
- As a food, are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and amino acids.
- Are marketed as ingredients in dietary supplement products touting numerous health benefits.
- There isn’t enough scientific evidence to support their safety or use for any specific purpose, except as a food.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members unless they contain psilocybin or any other substance with mind-altering properties.
For more information, read the OPSS article about mushrooms.
Nootropics
- Are substances intended to improve mental performance.
- Products fall into two general categories: dietary supplements and drugs.
- Dietary supplements have been found to be tainted with drugs or other ingredients not approved by FDA.
- As dietary supplements are often marketed with questionable claims not supported by science.
- Could contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about nootropics.
Omega-3 fatty acids
- Help build brain cells and maintain brain function throughout your life.
- EPA and DHA can’t be made by the body and must be obtained from foods.
- Are marketed as dietary supplements, but it’s unclear if they can boost brain health or cognitive performance.
- When taken as a dietary supplement might cause minor side effects.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about omega-3 fatty acids.
Phenibut
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for sleep, stress reduction, and cognitive performance.
- Is a synthetic substance that does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient according to FDA.
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about phenibut.
Rhodiola rosea
- Is a plant that has been used for centuries to enhance physical and mental performance and fight stress.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Appears to be safe, but the safety of its long-term use is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Rhodiola rosea.
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.
Vinpocetine
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for brain health.
- Is a synthetic substance that, according to the FDA, does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient.
- Is a drug in some countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- According to FDA, poses risks for women of childbearing age due to possible adverse reproductive effects.
For more information, read the OPSS article about vinpocetine.
Yohimbe (yohimbine)
- Bark and bark extract is often used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted for weight loss and bodybuilding, but there isn’t enough evidence to support these claims.
- Poses a risk for serious side effects.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about yohimbe.

Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Bodybuilding and performance-enhancement supplements
- Vary widely in the kinds of ingredients they contain. Some are relatively safe, but others are not.
- Sometimes contain hidden ingredients such as prescription drugs or steroids that pose serious health risks and could affect a drug test.
- Like any other supplement, should not be used without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Read the OPSS article about bodybuilding and performance enhancement to learn more.
Creatine
- Can be effective for explosive, high-intensity activities, but not endurance activities.
- Is available in many forms, but creatine monohydrate is the most studied form.
- Should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, such as a registered dietitian who specializes in sports dietetics.
- In dietary supplements, look for ones with creatine monohydrate as the only active ingredient.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about creatine.
DMBA
- Is not approved by FDA as an ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Is a synthetic stimulant that might not be safe.
- Is known by a number of names, including AMP citrate, Amperall, 1,3-dimethybutylamine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances.
- Might register on an initial military urine screening test for amphetamines, but will not cause a positive result on confirmation drug tests.
For more information, including other names for DMBA to watch out for, visit the OPSS article about DMBA.
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor type 1)
- Is a hormone naturally produced in the liver.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
To learn more, please read the OPSS article about IGF-1.
Methylsynephrine
- Is a stimulant not allowed for use in dietary supplements.
- Is also known as oxilofrine or p-hydroxyephedrine.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
For more information, read the OPSS article about methylsynephrine.
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Testosterone boosters
- Are dietary supplements marketed to enhance performance by raising your testosterone level.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous or prohibited ingredients, controlled substances, or drugs.
- Sometimes contain ingredients not listed on the label that could affect a drug test.
Read the OPSS article about testosterone boosters for more information.
Tribulus terrestris
- Is most commonly used in “testosterone booster” and other performance-enhancement supplements.
- Has not been shown to affect human testosterone levels or athletic performance.
- Is not on the list of DoD-prohibited substances and will not result in a positive drug test.
To learn more, read the OPSS article about Tribulus terrestris.

Aromatase inhibitors
- Are drugs that prevent the body from converting testosterone to estrogen.
- Are used to treat certain types of cancer, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances in dietary supplements.
Read the OPSS article about aromatase inhibitors
Phentermine
- Is a prescription drug used to promote weight loss by reducing your appetite. It is also a controlled substance.
- Can cause a “false-positive screen” for amphetamine on a routine drug test (but not on confirmation testing).
- Is not permitted for use by most branches of the military, but policies vary.
For more information, including links to service-specific policies, please read the OPSS article about Phentermine
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators)
- Are unapproved new drugs prohibited for any use other than research.
- Are illegally sold in or as dietary supplements marketed as “steroid alternatives” or “legal steroids.”
- Are on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances and pose significant risk to your health and readiness.
- Might cause a positive result on a steroid test.
Visit the OPSS article about SARMs to learn more and get a link to a list of currently available products to avoid.
Weight-loss supplements
- Usually contain stimulant ingredients, many of which have been associated with serious side effects.
- Sometimes contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- Sometimes contain potentially dangerous drugs not listed on the label.
Read the OPSS article about weight-loss supplements to learn more.

Bacopa monnieri
- Is a well-known herb commonly used in dietary supplement products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Safety is relatively unknown for both short- and long-term use.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Bacopa monnieri.
Ginkgo biloba
- Extract from its leaves is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements products.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support such claims.
- Appears to be safe for most people, but unexplained bleeding after use has been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Ginkgo biloba.
Ginseng
- Is a plant; its root is widely used in dietary supplements, teas, and energy drinks.
- Many types of ginseng exist, but the most popular are Panax ginseng (Korean) and Panax quinqefolius (American).
- These two types might help healthy adults boost brain health when used in small amounts, short term.
- When used long-term, could be unsafe.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about ginseng.
Huperzine A
- Is marketed in the U.S. as a dietary suppelement, commonly listed as “Huperzia serrata extract,” “HupA,” or “Chinese club moss.”
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there is no evidence to support the claims.
- Lacks evidence of safety, especially when used long-term, and side effects have been reported.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about huperzine A.
Nootropics
- Are substances intended to improve mental performance.
- Products fall into two general categories: dietary supplements and drugs.
- Dietary supplements have been found to be tainted with drugs or other ingredients not approved by FDA.
- As dietary supplements are often marketed with questionable claims not supported by science.
- Could contain ingredients prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about nootropics.
Omega-3 fatty acids
- Help build brain cells and maintain brain function throughout your life.
- EPA and DHA can’t be made by the body and must be obtained from foods.
- Are marketed as dietary supplements, but it’s unclear if they can boost brain health or cognitive performance.
- When taken as a dietary supplement might cause minor side effects.
- Are not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about omega-3 fatty acids.
Phenibut
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for sleep, stress reduction, and cognitive performance.
- Is a synthetic substance that does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient according to FDA.
- Is a drug in some other countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about phenibut.
Rhodiola rosea
- Is a plant that has been used for centuries to enhance physical and mental performance and fight stress.
- Is promoted to boost brain health, but there isn’t enough evidence to support the claims.
- Appears to be safe, but the safety of its long-term use is unknown.
- Is not prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
For more information, read the OPSS article about Rhodiola rosea.
Vinpocetine
- Is sometimes found in dietary supplements promoted for brain health.
- Is a synthetic substance that, according to the FDA, does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient.
- Is a drug in some countries.
- Is prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
- According to FDA, poses risks for women of childbearing age due to possible adverse reproductive effects.
For more information, read the OPSS article about vinpocetine.

Dietary supplements, by U.S. law
- Are products taken by mouth that contain a dietary ingredient.
- Include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals, and other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
- Come in forms that include tablets, capsules, powders, energy bars, and liquids.
- Must have the words “dietary supplement” (or similar words) on the product label.
- Are regulated by FDA but do not undergo pre-market FDA testing or approval.
Read the OPSS article about the definition of a dietary supplement to learn more.
Energy drinks
- Usually contain caffeine, but sometimes have other stimulant ingredients.
- Should not be used as sports drinks and should not be mixed with alcohol.
- Should be avoided at least 6 hours before bedtime.
To read more about the use and misuse of energy drinks, read the OPSS article on energy drinks.
HGH (human growth hormone)
- Is a growth-regulating hormone that the human body produces naturally.
- Is also produced synthetically for use as a drug and may be used only with a prescription.
- Is not permitted for use in dietary supplements.
- Is on the OPSS list of DoD-prohibited substances but will not cause a positive drug test.
Please read the OPSS article about HGH for more information.
Protein powders
- Are acceptable when high-quality foods are unavailable or not practical.
- Sometimes contain protein from hemp, so know your service policy on hemp.
- Might contain other kinds of ingredients you don’t necessarily want or need.
To learn more about protein supplements, read the OPSS articles about whey protein and hemp.
Side effects of dietary supplements
- Also known as “adverse events,” are unwanted reactions associated with dietary supplement use.
- Can range from mild to severe, so discontinue your dietary supplement and see a healthcare provider if the effects continue or are serious.
- Should be reported because it helps FDA track down potentially dangerous supplements.
Visit the OPSS web page about reporting side effects to learn more about adverse events and how to report them.
Stimulants in dietary supplements
- Can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, potentially to dangerous levels.
- Are common ingredients in pre-workout and weight-loss supplements, as well as energy drinks.
- Include ingredients that are prohibited for use by Military Service Members.
Visit the OPSS article about stimulants for more information, including a list of common and prohibited stimulants.

Operation Supplement Safety

Operation Supplement Safety

Operation Supplement Safety

Quick Facts

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Operation Supplement Safety

Operation Supplement Safety

Prohibited List

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About Supplements

High-Risk List

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Check Your Supplement

About Ingredients

Ingredient Lookup

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Brain Health

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Ingredients

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HPRC

OPSS Mission

Why Trust OPSS?

Disclaimer

Prohibited List

Report Side Effects

About Supplements

High-Risk List

Name Brands

Check Your Supplement

About Ingredients

Ingredient Lookup

All

Brain Health

Weight Loss

Performance & Bodybuilding

Ingredients

General Health

Outreach & Educational Resources

Apps

Government Resources

Our Partners

Newsletter

HPRC

OPSS Mission

Why Trust OPSS?

Disclaimer

Prohibited List

Report Side Effects

About Supplements

High-Risk List

Name Brands

Check Your Supplement

About Ingredients

Ingredient Lookup

All

Brain Health

Weight Loss

Performance & Bodybuilding

Ingredients

General Health

Outreach & Educational Resources

Apps

Government Resources

Our Partners

Newsletter

HPRC

OPSS Mission

Why Trust OPSS?

Disclaimer

Quick Facts

Ask the Expert

Don’t see what you’re looking for? A brand-name product? A different ingredient? More details? Ask us!